Mowa zależna
Gdy relacjonujesz czyjeś słowa (He said that…), czas zwykle cofa się o jeden krok, a zaimki i określenia czasu dopasowują się do nowej perspektywy.
Zasady
Cofanie czasu
present → past · past / present perfect → past perfect · will → would · can → could
say vs tell
say (that)… / tell + OSOBA + (that)…
She said (that)… · She told me (that)…
Zmiana określeń
now → then, today → that day, yesterday → the day before, tomorrow → the next day, here → there, this → that.
Kiedy NIE cofać
Gdy coś jest nadal prawdą albo czasownik wprowadzający jest w Present (She says…).
Przykłady
“I'm tired.” → She said (that) she was tired.
„Jestem zmęczona.” → Powiedziała, że jest zmęczona.
“I work from home.” → He said he worked from home.
„Pracuję z domu.” → Powiedział, że pracuje z domu.
“I've finished.” → She said she had finished.
„Skończyłam.” → Powiedziała, że skończyła.
“I'll call you.” → He said he would call me.
„Zadzwonię do ciebie.” → Powiedział, że do mnie zadzwoni.
“I can't come.” → She told me she couldn't come.
„Nie mogę przyjść.” → Powiedziała mi, że nie może przyjść.
“I saw him yesterday.” → She said she had seen him the day before.
„Widziałam go wczoraj.” → Powiedziała, że widziała go dzień wcześniej.
“We're launching tomorrow.” → They said they were launching the next day.
„Startujemy jutro.” → Powiedzieli, że startują następnego dnia.
“I must go.” → He said he had to go.
„Muszę iść.” → Powiedział, że musi iść.
W kontekście: Co powiedział klient?
Ola
So, what did the client say?
Rafał
He said he liked the design but he wanted a few changes.
Ola
Did he mention the budget?
Rafał
He told me they had already spent most of it, but he said he would talk to his boss.
Ola
And the deadline?
Rafał
He said they couldn't wait longer than two weeks.
Typowe błędy
She said me that she was tired.
She told me that she was tired.
say + (that), tell + osoba.
He said he will call.
He said he would call.
will → would.
She told that she was busy.
She said that she was busy.
„Tell” wymaga osoby.
Ćwiczenia
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