Łączniki: although, however, in case, so / such

Klej, dzięki któremu mówisz dłuższymi zdaniami

Ściągawka

Dodatki B2

To dzięki łącznikom wypowiedź brzmi jak B2. Zwróć uwagę, co po nich stoi: całe zdanie czy rzeczownik / -ing.

Zasady

Kontrast + zdanie

although / even though / though

Although it was late, we kept working.

Kontrast + rzeczownik / -ing

despite / in spite of

Despite the rain, we went out.

Kontrast — nowe zdanie

However, … / Nevertheless, … (po kropce, z przecinkiem)

It was late. However, we kept working.

Skutek

so + przymiotnik + that / such + (a) + rzeczownik + that

so tired that… · such a long day that…

Cel i czas

in case (na wypadek), so that (żeby), as soon as / until / while (+ Present dla przyszłości)

Przykłady

Although I was tired, I finished the report.

Chociaż byłem zmęczony, skończyłem raport.

Despite being tired, I finished the report.

Mimo zmęczenia skończyłem raport.

The price is high. However, the quality is excellent.

Cena jest wysoka. Jednak jakość jest znakomita.

It was so expensive that I didn't buy it.

Było tak drogie, że tego nie kupiłem.

It was such a good film that I watched it twice.

To był tak dobry film, że obejrzałem go dwa razy.

I'll write it down in case I forget.

Zapiszę to na wypadek, gdybym zapomniał.

I'll call you as soon as I land.

Zadzwonię, jak tylko wyląduję.

I saved the file so that I could work offline.

Zapisałem plik, żeby móc pracować offline.

Even though we lost the client, we learned a lot.

Mimo że straciliśmy klienta, dużo się nauczyliśmy.

I like the idea. I'm not sure about the budget, though.

Podoba mi się pomysł. Ale nie jestem pewien co do budżetu. (though na końcu — potocznie)

W kontekście: Trudna premiera

Although we had planned everything carefully, the launch was chaotic.

The server was so slow that customers couldn't log in.

Despite the problems, nobody panicked.

We had prepared a backup in case something went wrong, so we switched to it.

However, it was such a stressful day that I slept for ten hours afterwards.

Typowe błędy

Despite it was raining, we went out.

Although it was raining, we went out.

despite + rzeczownik / -ing; although + zdanie.

Although it was late, but we stayed.

Although it was late, we stayed.

Nie łącz although z but.

It was so good film.

It was such a good film.

such + (a) + przymiotnik + rzeczownik.

Ćwiczenia

Seria poprawnych z rzędu

8 z rzędu = opanowane

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